Qualifications

• Johore Science Secondary School, Kluang, Johore (SMSJ) Jan 1979 - Dec 1983:
• Bachelor of Science (Economics) University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA (1985-1988)
• Bachelor of Arts (Statistics) University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA (1985-1989)
• Master of Science (Economics) Universiti Putra Malaysia (1992) Thesis: "Factors Influencing Foreign Direct Investment in the Manufacturing Sector of Malaysia"
• Doctor of Philosophy (Economics) University of Manchester (1999) Thesis: "Capital Flight Determinants form the Selected ASEAN Countries"